The Articles of Confederation stand as a foundational yet often overlooked chapter in American history. Drafted as the fledgling nation's first [[constitution]], they united the thirteen original states into a confederation in the aftermath of independence from Britain. Ratified in 1781, during the [[Revolutionary War]], the Articles served as a symbol of the states' collective identity and initial governance framework. ## Limitations of the Articles Despite their historical significance, the Articles of Confederation were fraught with weaknesses. Designed to preserve state sovereignty and autonomy, they established a [[Congress]] with limited national authority, incapable of levying taxes or regulating commerce. These constraints soon manifested in financial instability, defense inadequacies, and interstate disputes, underscoring the system's inefficacy. ## Transition to the Constitution The move away from the Articles was driven by the pressing need for a more effective national government. The Annapolis Convention's recommendations led to the Philadelphia Convention in 1787, where the U.S. [[Constitution]] was drafted, heralding a significant shift in governance and [political philosophy](https://doctorparadox.net/category/philosophy/). ## Shift in political philosophy The Constitution introduced a novel governance framework, emphasizing a balance between state and federal powers and instituting checks and balances and a [[separation of powers]] across the government's branches. This marked a departure from the Confederation's state-centric approach, laying the groundwork for a stronger, more unified national policy. ## Key differences between the Articles and the Constitution - **Central Government Authority**: The [[Constitution]] established a robust central government, a stark contrast to the loose confederation under the Articles. - **Fiscal and Commercial Regulation**: Addressing the Articles' shortcomings, the Constitution empowered the federal government to levy taxes and regulate commerce, vital for economic stability and international respect. - **Amendment Process**: The Constitution introduced a more pragmatic amendment process, allowing for adaptability and evolution, unlike the rigid unanimity requirement under the Articles. ## Federalism and flexibility The Articles of Confederation were an essential step in America's journey, embodying the initial desire for independence and self-governance. However, their limitations necessitated the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, which redefined American political philosophy, favoring a balanced federal structure, a strong central government, and a flexible legal framework, ensuring the nation's growth and resilience.