Moral panic is a term used to describe a widespread feeling of fear or anxiety in society, often fueled by sensationalized media coverage and exaggerated claims, that certain behaviors or groups pose a significant threat to the social order, moral values, or the well-being of the community. This phenomenon typically involves a heightened public concern, disproportionate to the actual severity of the issue, and may lead to calls for stricter regulation, enforcement, or social control measures. British sociologist Stanley Cohen introduced the concept of moral panic in his 1972 study "Folk Devils and Moral Panics," which examined the societal reaction to the clashes between two British youth subcultures, the Mods and the Rockers, in the 1960s. Cohen identified several key elements in the process of moral panic: 1. **Identification of a threat**: A particular behavior, group, or event is identified as a threat to societal values or norms, often with the help of sensationalized media coverage. 2. **Media amplification**: The media plays a significant role in disseminating information about the perceived threat, often through exaggerated or distorted reporting that fuels public fear and anxiety. 3. **Public concern**: As the perceived threat gains attention, public concern increases, leading to a heightened sense of fear or moral outrage. 4. **Authorities and opinion leaders**: Policymakers, religious leaders, or other influential figures may join in voicing concern or advocating for measures to address the perceived threat. 5. **Social control measures**: In response to the panic, authorities may implement new laws, regulations, or enforcement actions in an effort to alleviate public concerns and maintain social order. 6. **Disproportionality**: The level of public concern and the measures taken to address it are often disproportionate to the actual harm or risk posed by the perceived threat. Moral panics have occurred throughout history and across various societies, often targeting marginalized groups, new cultural phenomena, or emerging technologies. Examples of moral panics include the "Red Scare" of the 1950s (and before it the [[First Red Scare (1917-1920)]]) in the United States, the "Satanic Panic" of the 1980s, and more recent concerns about video game violence or internet safety. Critics argue that moral panics divert attention and resources away from more pressing societal issues and may lead to the scapegoating of vulnerable groups or the infringement of civil liberties. The study of moral panics is important for understanding the role of media, public opinion, and social control in shaping societal responses to perceived threats and the potential consequences of such reactions.