Nationalism is a political and social ideology that emphasizes the shared culture, history, and identity of a group of people within a defined territory, often promoting the interests of that nation above others. It is rooted in the belief that nations, defined by a common language, ethnicity, religion, or cultural identity, have the right to self-determination and political sovereignty. The concept of nationalism has evolved over time and can manifest in various forms, ranging from civic to ethnic nationalism. ## Key components of nationalism 1. **Shared identity**: Nationalism is built upon the belief that people within a nation share a common identity, often based on ethnicity, language, religion, or cultural values. This shared identity fosters a sense of belonging, unity, and loyalty among the nation's members. 2. **Self-determination**: Nationalism advocates for the right of nations to govern themselves, free from external influence or control. This concept is rooted in the belief that a nation's people are best suited to make decisions regarding their own affairs. 3. **Sovereignty**: Nationalism stresses the importance of political sovereignty, which means that a nation should have complete control over its territory and resources, as well as the power to make decisions without interference from other countries. 4. **Patriotism**: Nationalism often fosters patriotism, which is a sense of pride, loyalty, and devotion to one's nation. Patriotism can inspire individuals to support their country and contribute to its well-being. 5. **Cultural preservation**: Nationalism seeks to preserve and promote a nation's unique culture, traditions, and customs. This often includes the promotion of a common language, folklore, and other elements that contribute to a sense of national identity. ## Impact of nationalism Nationalism has played a significant role in world history, contributing to the formation of modern nation-states, independence movements, and wars. While nationalism can foster unity and pride within a nation, it can also lead to [bigotry](https://doctorparadox.net/psychology/bigotry-is-bad-thinking/), xenophobia, [[discrimination]], and conflicts between nations. The impact of nationalism varies widely depending on the context and the specific form it takes.