| Event | Primary People Involved | Date | Topic | Effect on History | |--------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|-------------|------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad| Leland Stanford, Thomas Durant | 1869 | Infrastructure | Facilitated westward expansion, transformed transportation and trade, and unified the nation economically. | | Standard Oil Trust Formed | John D. Rockefeller | 1882 | Business / Monopoly | Revolutionized the oil industry and introduced the concept of trusts and monopolies, leading to anti-trust laws. | | Haymarket Affair | Albert Parsons, August Spies | 1886 | Labor Movement | Highlighted the struggles of labor unions and led to May Day becoming an international day of worker solidarity. | | The Statue of Liberty is Dedicated | Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi | 1886 | Culture/Immigration | Became a symbol of American freedom and a welcoming sight for immigrants arriving in the United States. | | Dawes Act | Henry Dawes | 1887 | Native American Policy | Aimed to assimilate Native Americans into American society but resulted in the loss of tribal lands and culture. | | Hull House Founded | Jane Addams, Ellen Gates Starr | 1889 | Social Reform | Pioneered social work and public health, and addressed issues of poverty and education among immigrants. | | Sherman Antitrust Act | John Sherman | 1890 | Legislation / Monopoly | First federal action against monopolies, laying the groundwork for antitrust legislation to regulate big businesses. | | Wounded Knee Massacre | James W. Forsyth | 1890 | Native American Policy | Marked the end of the Indian Wars and resulted in significant Native American casualties, symbolizing U.S. expansionism.| | [[Panic of 1893]] | - | 1893 | Economic Crisis | One of the worst economic downturns, leading to bank failures, unemployment, and a push for monetary policy reform. | | [[Plessy v. Ferguson]] | Homer Plessy, John H. Ferguson | 1896 | Civil Rights / Segregation | Legalized racial [[segregation]] under the "separate but equal" doctrine, affecting African Americans for decades. |